On the enhancement of helium and nitrogen in planetary nebulae

Details On the enhancement of helium and nitrogen in planetary nebulae On the enhancement of helium and nitrogen in planetary nebulae

Sep 1978

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1978apj...224l..63k&link_type=abstract

Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor, vol. 224, Sept. 1, 1978, p. L63-L66.

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

44

Abundance, Helium, Nitrogen, Planetary Nebulae, Stellar Evolution, Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Stellar Envelopes, Stellar Winds

Scientific paper

Enhancements of the ratios He/H and N/O in planetary nebulae are shown to be consistent with enhancements in surface abundances predicted by the theory of stellar evolution. From a quantitative comparison between observation and theory it is inferred that: (1) hydrogen is converted into helium, and both carbon and oxygen are converted into nitrogen, in progenitor stars; (2) the primordial ratio of helium to hydrogen in the Galaxy is about 0.08 and is augmented by approximately 20% during galactic history; (3) the initial main-sequence masses of stars which ultimately eject planetaries with the largest enhancements of He/H and N/O are in excess of 3 to 5 solar masses; and (4) considerable mass loss by stellar winds precedes the ejection of a planetary shell.

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