Other
Scientific paper
Mar 1991
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1991jgr....96.3811b&link_type=abstract
Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227), vol. 96, March 1, 1991, p. 3811-3817. DOE-supported research.
Other
27
Astronomical Models, Auroras, Interplanetary Magnetic Fields, Magnetic Flux, Planetary Magnetospheres, Field Aligned Currents, Magnetopause, Magnetotails, Polar Caps, Polar Regions, Satellite Imagery
Scientific paper
The boundary between open and closed field lines is investigated in the empirical Tsyganenko (1987) magnetic field model. All field lines extending to distances beyond -70 R(E), the tailward velocity limit of the Tsyganenko model are defined as open, while all other field lines, which cross the equatorial plane earthward of -70 R(E) and are connected with the earth at both ends, are assumed closed. It is found that this boundary at the surface of the earth, identified as the polar cap boundary, can exhibit the arrowhead shape, pointed toward the sun, which is found in horse collar auroras. For increasing activity levels, the polar cap increases in area and becomes rounder, so that the arrowhead shape is less pronounced. The presence of a net B(y) component can also lead to considerable rounding of the open flux region. The arrowhead shape is found to be closely associated with the increase of B(z) from the midnight region to the flanks of the tail, consistent with a similar increase of the plasma sheet thickness.
Birn Joachim
Craven John D.
Elphinstone R. D.
Frank Louis A.
Hones Edward W. Jr.
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