On GRB 060218 and the GRBs Related to Supernovae Ib/c

Physics

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Scientific paper

We study the Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) 060218: a particularly close source at z = 0.033 with an extremely long duration, namely T90 2000 s, related to SN 2006aj. This source appears to be a very soft burst, with a peak in the spectrum at 4.9 keV, therefore interpreted as an X-Ray Flash (XRF) and it obeys to the Amati relation. We fit the X- and γ-ray observations by Swift of GRB 060218 in the 0.1-150 keV energy band during the entire time of observations from 0 all the way to 106 s within a unified theoretical model. The details of our theoretical analysis have been recently published in a series of articles. The free parameters of the theory are only three, namely the total energy E{e ± }tot of the e± plasma, its baryon loading B ≡ MB c2 /E{e ± }tot , as well as the CircumBurst Medium (CBM) distribution. We fit the entire light curve, including the prompt emission as an essential part of the afterglow. We recall that this value of the B parameter is the highest among the sources we have analyzed and it is very close to its absolute upper limit expected. We successfully make definite predictions about the spectral distribution in the early part of the light curve, exactly we derive the instantaneous photon number spectrum N(E) and we show that although the spectrum in the co-moving frame of the expanding pulse is thermal, the shape of the final spectrum in the laboratory frame is clearly non thermal. In fact each single instantaneous spectrum is the result of an integration of thousands of thermal spectra over the corresponding EQuiTemporal Surfaces (EQTS). By our fit we show that there is no basic differences between XRFs and more general GRBs. They all originate from the collapse process to a black hole and their difference is due to the variability of the three basic parameters within the range of full applicability of the theory.

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