O_2 Search in the Milky Way : new upper limits from ground (POM 2) and balloon-borne (PIROG 8) experiments

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We report and discuss here the final results of two experiments both devoted to the search of O2 in the Milky Way. 1) a ground-based search with the POM-2 telescope (Castets et al. 1988) of the rare 16O18O isotopomer using the atmospherically unblocked NJ 21 - 01 transition at 234 GHz (Maréchal et al. 1997a). 2) a balloon-borne search consisting of a small (0.6 m) telescope equipped with a submillimeter SIS receiver working at 425 (and 440) GHz (Deschamps et al. 1998) to search for the NJ 32 - 12 line of the main O2 isotopomer (Olofsson et al. 1998). This is the first time the main O2 isotopomer has been searched for in our Galaxy. Both searches failed to detect the molecule, providing a new upper limit of O2 / CO <= 0.04 (3 σ) towards NGC 7538. This value is in contradiction with the standard astrochemical models (Maréchal et al. 1997b,c) and can only be explained by a gas phase C/O ratio greater than 0.7 or by other, more exotic, models.

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