Nuclear reactions in the solar atmosphere

Mathematics

Scientific paper

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Charged Particles, Nuclear Fusion, Particle Flux Density, Solar Atmosphere, Solar Flares, Alpha Particles, Energy Distribution, Gamma Rays, Helium Isotopes, High Energy Interactions, Hydrogen Isotopes, Neutrinos, Solar Activity

Scientific paper

Nuclear reactions triggered in the solar atmosphere by flare-accelerated charged particles are investigated. Consideration is given to reactions of protons with hydrogen, helium with CNO nuclei, alpha-particles with hydrogen and helium, and energetic CNO nuclei with hydrogen. Experimentally determined cross sections for these reactions are examined, the production of solar neutrinos by flare-accelerated particles is analyzed, and the neutrino energy distributions resulting from different nuclear reactions are determined. The basic mathematical equations for calculating the output of secondary products during accelerated-particle interactions with ambient matter are outlined, and the formation of H-2, H-3, and He-3 isotopes in flares is reviewed. Near-earth neutrino fluxes are estimated for several flares, and gamma-ray line emission during flares is studied in detail.

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