Nonlocality, Asymmetry, and Distinguishing Bipartite States

Details Nonlocality, Asymmetry, and Distinguishing Bipartite States Nonlocality, Asymmetry, and Distinguishing Bipartite States

2002-02-05

arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0202034v3

Physics

Quantum Physics

5 pages, 1 figure. Improved in line with referees comments, references added, typo corrected. To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.147901

Entanglement is an useful resource because some global operations cannot be locally implemented using classical communication. We prove a number of results about what is and is not locally possible. We focus on orthogonal states, which can always be globally distinguished. We establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for a general set of 2x2 quantum states to be locally distinguishable, and for a general set of 2xn quantum states to be distinguished given an initial measurement of the qubit. These results reveal a fundamental asymmetry to nonlocality, which is the origin of ``nonlocality without entanglement'', and we present a very simple proof of this phenomenon.

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