Multiple metal ion exchange equilibria with humic acid

Physics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

A theoretical description is presented for multiple metal ion-humic acid cation exchange experiments. A law of mass action formalism and mole fraction relationships have been adapted to the simultaneous ion exchange equilibria of twelve cations with humic acid. The formal description relates the number of degrees of freedom of the system to the number of metal ions, identifies the independent variables, and accounts for cation interactions in the exchange equilibrium. A recalculation of experimental results reveals an Irving-Williams type of series for divalent metal ions. The implications of this for agriculture and add rain problems are discussed.

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