Modelling of the Chemistry of Sulfur Oxides in the Middle Atmosphere of Venus

Physics

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0317 Chemical Kinetic And Photochemical Properties, 0340 Middle Atmosphere: Composition And Chemistry, 0343 Planetary Atmospheres (5210, 5405, 5704), 5405 Atmospheres (0343, 1060), 6295 Venus

Scientific paper

Venus' middle atmosphere (˜ 60-110 km) is a dynamic region in which photochemistry dominates and the time scales for chemical loss and transport are roughly comparable for many species. It is also a region where it has been difficult to observe the abundances of species that play important roles in two of the dominant chemical cycles on Venus. The CO2 cycle comprises photodissociation of CO2 to produce CO and O, transport of some CO and O to the night side, production of O2 from 2O+M→O2+M on the day and night sides, and production of CO2 from CO and O2. The sulfur oxidation cycle comprises oxidation of SO2 to form H2SO4, condensation, subsidence of some particles to the lower atmosphere, evaporation, and thermal decomposition or photodissociation to produce SO2 and H2O. Recent mesospheric observations have provided clear evidence of diurnal variability in the abundances of sulfur oxides. Observed SO has its peak abundance on the day side and observed SO2 has its peak abundance on the night side (Sandor et al, 2008). We have used global average model calculations (Pernice et al, 2004; Mills and Allen, 2007) to derive approximate analytic expressions for [SO], [SO2], and [SO]/[SO2] on the day and night sides. The results are generally consistent across a broad range of atmospheric oxidation states (Mills and Allen, 2007). Our model results and the key uncertainties will be discussed. A related topic is the identity of the UV-blue absorber that is responsible for the absorption observed in the upper cloud layer (˜ 60-70 km) at 320-500 nm. One proposed suggestion is S2O (Hapke and Graham, 1985; Na and Esposito, 1997). Our model results for S2O and their implications will be discussed and compared with previous work.

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