Physics
Scientific paper
Aug 1979
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1979rasc...14..561h&link_type=abstract
(International Union of Radio Science, Open Symposium on Time and Frequency, 1st, Helsinki, Finland, Aug. 1-4, 1978.) Radio Scie
Physics
4
Atomic Clocks, Crystal Oscillators, Frequency Standards, Microwave Equipment, Time Measurement, Cesium, Doppler Effect, Frequency Measurement, Hydrogen, Instrument Errors, Microwave Resonance, Quartz Crystals, Rubidium
Scientific paper
The present status of time and frequency standards is presented focusing, in particular, on cesium, hydrogen, and rubidium devices, as well as on new quartz crystal standards. Physical principles and limitations of frequency standards are discussed. It is noted that the sharpness of the resonance line is linked to the flicker noise stability limit of the various standards, and some speculation is made on where and how much further improvements may occur. New design concepts and physical methods are briefly discussed. Increase of line-Q values by an order of magnitude might be expected through cooling; this would result in flicker noise floors pushed lower by also an order of magnitude.
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