Methods of determining whistler nose-frequency and minimum group delay

Physics

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Earth Magnetosphere, Frequency Measurement, Time Lag, Whistlers, Error Analysis, Group Velocity, Ionospheric Propagation, Iterative Solution, Very Low Frequencies

Scientific paper

Methods are described and compared for determining the nose frequency and minimum group delay of whistlers. The Dowden-Allcock approximation (1971) is analyzed together with other procedures based on it, and an iteration technique based on this approximation is introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are demonstrated by applying them to theoretical whistler profiles, single whistlers for which the nose frequency can be directly measured, single whistlers for which neither the nose frequency nor the sferic time can be directly measured, and multicomponent groups of whistlers. It is concluded that, for the location of Halley Bay (75.5 deg S, 26.6 deg W), no significant gain in accuracy can be realized by taking more than three points on a whistler profile. The deviation of an observed profile from a theoretical one is attributed to wave amplification and triggering of ELF/VLF emissions.

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