Measurement of atmospheric wavefront distortion using scattered light from a laser guide-star

Physics – Optics

Scientific paper

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Atmospheric Optics, Atmospheric Turbulence, Laser Beams, Light Scattering, Upper Atmosphere, Wave Front Deformation, Binary Stars, Charge Coupled Devices, Mirrors, Real Time Operation, Telescopes

Scientific paper

Experimental results are reported which demonstrate that atmospheric wavefront distortion can be measured by taking fast 'snapshots' of a guide-star formed by light scattered from a laser beam focused in the upper atmosphere. These results agree with a theoretical prediction that the mean-square wavefront error created by using an artificial guide-star at a finite distance rather than a real (infinitely distant) star is proportional to the five-thirds power of the telescope aperture. This understanding of the physics is used to demonstrate continuous, real-time atmospheric compensation of a 1.5-m telescope using a high-pulse-rate laser, pulse-synchronized wavefront sensor, and deformable mirror. The 1.3-arcsec binary star 53 Xi Ursa Majoris is resolved in an exposure time of only one second.

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