Mean thermospheric winds at middle latitudes of the northern hemisphere derived from longitudinal variations of the F2-layer peak height

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Scientific paper

Longitudinal variations of the vertical plasma drift W produced for any particular local time at middle latitudes of the northern hemisphere by the neutral winds from the horizontal wind model HWM-90, and longitudinal variations of the height of the F2-layer peak hmF2 from the ionospheric model IRI-86, are approximated by the sum of two zonal harmonics (waves) with zonal wave numbers m = 1 and 2. Diurnal and seasonal variations of (m = 1, m = 2) amplitudes and phases are investigated (by phase is meant the longitude λ where the crest of the wave is located). It is shown that m = 2 longitudinal variations in hmF2 are produced mainly by the existence of m = 2 longitudinal variations of the vertical plasma drift, caused by the interaction of zonally-averaged thermospheric winds with the harmonic m = 2 in longitudinal variations of the geomagnetic field parameters. This suggests that zonally-averaged values of meridional and zonal winds can be derived from the Fourier-coefficients for cos 2λ and sin 2λ in longitudinal hmF2 variations. Two sets of relations for wind calculations are obtained - simple and complex. The simple relations do not take into account longitudinal neutral-air wind variations themselves when producing longitudinal W variations. The complex relations are obtained taking into account m = 2 longitudinal variations of the meridional wind. The method neglects the effects of the electric fields and a possible error due to neglecting by the electric fields is discussed. Zonally-averaged winds calculated at latitude 53°N from IRI-86 are in a reasonable agreement with winds predicted by the horizontal wind model HWM-90, although there are some differences in detail. To understand whether these differences are because of shortcomings in HWM-90 or in the suggested method, as well as to understand whether this method can be used for monitoring midlatitudinal thermospheric dynamics remotely, further investigations are needed.

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