Magnetosheath distortion of pitch angle distributions of solar protons

Physics

Scientific paper

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Interplanetary Magnetic Fields, Magnetopause, Magnetosheath, Radiation Distribution, Solar Protons, Solar Wind, Anisotropy, Bow Waves, Pitch (Inclination), Shock Waves, Solar Cosmic Rays, Vela Satellites

Scientific paper

Data from the Vela satellites in the magnetosheath with observations of pitch angle distributions measured in three dimensions are used to investigate the propagation of energetic solar protons of less than or approximately equal to 1 MeV. In addition to isotropic or unidirectional distributions normally expected in interplanetary space, distortions are observed in the magnetosheath. Two types of distortions are observed, characterized by breaks in the distributions where the cosine of the pitch angle is greater or less than zero. The magnetosheath distributions are explained by a Liouville transformation if the particle motion across the bow shock and through the magnetosheath is assumed to be adiabatic. Scattering effects, which occur at the bow shock and in the magnetosheath, perturb the adiabatic particle propagation. It is noted that for inferring the true interplanetary anisotropy from that measured in the magnetosheath, the distributions, anisotropy, and omnidirectional intensities may be significantly different.

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