Magnetic signatures of precursors to substorm expansive phase onset

Physics

Scientific paper

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Auroral Zones, Geomagnetism, Magnetic Signatures, Magnetospheric Instability, Polar Substorms, Field Aligned Currents, Ground Stations, Ionospheric Propagation, Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability, Time Response

Scientific paper

The expansive phase of magnetospheric substorms involves the development of auroral loops and surges with particular emphasis on the westward traveling surge which is identified with the western edge of the substorm current wedge. The wavelike auroral structures associated with the current wedge are taken to be a manifestation of the action of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the interface between the central plasma sheet (CPS) and the adjacent boundary layer plasmas in the deep magnetotail. Based on this concept, ground-based magnetometer data are used in an attempt to identify the growth of ionospheric current systems which might be associated with the growth of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The expansive phase is preceded by the growth of a weak substorm current wedge which strengthens explosively at the time of onset. It is suggested that field-aligned current flows out of the ionosphere as part of a process damping a growing wave at the CPS/boundary layer interface.

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