Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Scientific paper
2002-08-29
Phys.Rev. D67 (2003) 023502
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Preprint no. LPTHE 02-55, 30 pages, latex, 2 eps figures. Added one reference. To appear in Phys. Rev. D
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevD.67.023502
We study the generation of magnetic fields during the stage of particle production resulting from spinodal instabilities during phase transitions out of equilibrium. The main premise is that long-wavelength instabilities that drive the phase transition lead to strong non-equilibrium charge and current fluctuations which generate electromagnetic fields. We present a formulation based on the non-equilibrium Schwinger-Dyson equations that leads to an exact expression for the spectrum of electromagnetic fields valid for general theories and cosmological backgrounds and whose main ingredient is the transverse photon polarization out of equilibrium. This formulation includes the dissipative effects of the conductivity in the medium. As a prelude to cosmology we study magnetogenesis in Minkowski space-time in a theory of N charged scalar fields to lowest order in the gauge coupling and to leading order in the large N within two scenarios of cosmological relevance. The long-wavelength power spectrum for electric and magnetic fields at the end of the phase transition is obtained explicitly. It follows that equipartition between electric and magnetic fields does not hold out of equilibrium. In the case of a transition from a high temperature phase, the conductivity of the medium severely hinders the generation of magnetic fields, however the magnetic fields generated are correlated on scales of the order of the domain size, which is much larger than the magnetic diffusion length. Implications of the results to cosmological phase transitions driven by spinodal unstabilities are discussed.
Boyanovsky Daniel
de Vega Hector J.
Simionato Michele
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