Lyapunov Instability for a hard-disk fluid in equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermostated by deterministic scattering

Nonlinear Sciences – Chaotic Dynamics

Scientific paper

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13 pages (revtex) with 8 figures (encapsulated postscript)

Scientific paper

We compute the full Lyapunov spectra for a hard-disk fluid under temperature gradient and shear. The system is thermalized by deterministic and time-reversible scattering at the boundary. This thermostating mechanism allows for energy fluctuations around a mean value which is reflected by only two vanishing Lyapunov exponents in equilibrium and nonequilibrium. The Lyapunov exponents are calculated with a recently developed formalism for systems with elastic hard collisions. In a nonequilibrium steady state the average phase space volume is contracted onto a fractal attractor leading to a negative sum of Lyapunov exponents. Since the system is driven inhomogeneously we do not expect the conjugate pairing rule to hold which is confirmed numerically.

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