Longitudinal Oscillations in Hall thrusters

Physics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Longitudinal waves with a phase velocity close to the velocity of ions have been recurrently observed in Hall thruster experiments and simulations. It is shown that this so-called ion transit-time instability may arise in the simplest one-dimensional fluid model of a Hall thruster discharge in which cold ions are accelerated between two electrodes within a quasineutral plasma. The analysis of high frequency, quasineutral ion acoustic waves reveals that under adequate circumstances and in particular for high ionization levels, one of the two acoustic waves is strongly amplified. Forcing then a constant potential drop between the electrodes, the response of the discharge cur- rent to plasma perturbations provides a feedback poten- tially able to trigger an unstable resonance of ion acoustic waves. The frequency and growth rate of such an insta- bility are calculated for a supersonic ion flow. The scaling of the frequency with the ion transit-time and the role of the ionization degree on their onset are qualitatively ex- plained.

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