Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
2007-08-17
Europhys. Lett. 83, 30008 (2008)
Physics
Quantum Physics
5 pages, 1 figure, published version
Scientific paper
10.1209/0295-5075/83/30008
By computing the local energy expectation values with respect to some local measurement basis we show that for any quantum system there are two fundamentally different contributions: changes in energy that do not alter the local von Neumann entropy and changes that do. We identify the former as work and the latter as heat. Since our derivation makes no assumptions on the system Hamiltonian or its state, the result is valid even for states arbitrarily far from equilibrium. Examples are discussed ranging from the classical limit to purely quantum mechanical scenarios, i.e. where the Hamiltonian and the density operator do not commute.
Henrich Markus J.
Mahler Günter
Rempp Florian
Schröder Heiko
Weimer Hendrik
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