Least-squares solution of ill-conditioned systems. II

Computer Science – Numerical Analysis

Scientific paper

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Astrometry, Least Squares Method, Planets, Singularity (Mathematics), Digital Systems, Image Processing, Numerical Analysis, Orthogonality, Transformations (Mathematics)

Scientific paper

A singular-value analysis of normal equations from observations of minor planets 6 (Hebe), 7 (Iris), 8 (Flora), 9 (Metis), and 15 (Eunomia) is undertaken to determine corrections to a number of astronomical parameters, particularly the equinox correction for the FK4. In a previous investigation the test for small singular values was criticized because it resulted in discordant equinox determinations. Here it is shown that none of the tests employed by singular-value analysis leads to solutions superior to those given by classical least squares. It is concluded that singular-value analysis has legitimate uses in astronomy, but that it is misapplied when employed to estimate astronomical parameters in a well defined model. Also discussed is the question of whether it is preferable to reduce the equations of condition by orthogonal transformations rather than to form normal equations. Some suggestions are made regarding the desirability of planning observational programs in such a way that the observations do not lead to extremely ill-conditioned systems.

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