Large n limit of Gaussian random matrices with external source, Part III: Double scaling limit

Details Large n limit of Gaussian random matrices with external source, Part III: Double scaling limit Large n limit of Gaussian random matrices with external source, Part III: Double scaling limit

2006-02-28

arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0602064v1

Communications in Mathematical Physics 270 (2007), 481--517

Physics

Mathematical Physics

36 pages, 9 figures

Scientific paper

10.1007/s00220-006-0159-1

We consider the double scaling limit in the random matrix ensemble with an external source $\frac{1}{Z_n} e^{-n \Tr({1/2}M^2 -AM)} dM$ defined on $n\times n$ Hermitian matrices, where $A$ is a diagonal matrix with two eigenvalues $\pm a$ of equal multiplicities. The value $a=1$ is critical since the eigenvalues of $M$ accumulate as $n \to \infty$ on two intervals for $a > 1$ and on one interval for $0 < a < 1$. These two cases were treated in Parts I and II, where we showed that the local eigenvalue correlations have the universal limiting behavior known from unitary random matrix ensembles. For the critical case $a=1$ new limiting behavior occurs which is described in terms of Pearcey integrals, as shown by Br\'ezin and Hikami, and Tracy and Widom. We establish this result by applying the Deift/Zhou steepest descent method to a $3 \times 3$-matrix valued Riemann-Hilbert problem which involves the construction of a local parametrix out of Pearcey integrals. We resolve the main technical issue of matching the local Pearcey parametrix with a global outside parametrix by modifying an underlying Riemann surface.

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