Laboratory simulations of supernova shockwave propagation

Details Laboratory simulations of supernova shockwave propagation Laboratory simulations of supernova shockwave propagation

Oct 2003

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2003aps..dppgm1005h&link_type=abstract

American Physical Society, 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics, October 27-31, 2003, Albuquerque, New Mexico,

Physics

Plasma Physics

Scientific paper

Supernovae launch shocks into the circumstellar medium. These shocks are spherical, radiative, and have high Mach numbers. We have created similar shocks in the laboratory by focusing laser pulses onto the tip of a solid pin surrounded by ambient gas; ablated material from the pin rapidly expands and launches a shock through the surrounding gas. Laser pulses were typically 1 ns in duration with ablative energies ranging from 1-200 J. Shocks in ambient gas pressures of 1 kPa were observed at spatial scales of up to 5 cm using optical cameras with Schlieren. Interferometry techniques were used to deduce densities ( 1015 cm-3), and emission spectroscopy data were obtained to infer electron temperatures (<10 eV). In this experiment we have observed a new phenomena; at the edge of the radiatively heated gas ahead of the shock, a second shock forms. The two expanding shocks are simultaneously visible for a time, until the original shock stalls from running into the heated gas. The second shock remains visible and continues to expand. A minimum condition for the formation of the second shock is that the original shock is super-critical, i.e., the temperature distribution ahead of the original shock has an inflexion point. In a non-radiative control experiment the second shock does not form. We hypothesize that a second shock could form in the astrophysical case, particularly in radiative supernova remnants such as SN1993J. *Work performed under the auspices of the Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENG-48.

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