Physics – General Physics
Scientific paper
2009-05-27
Physics
General Physics
Submitted to the Proceedings of VII International Conference on New Theories, Discoveries and Applications of Superconductors
Scientific paper
The shear/laminar flow of liquids/gas/plasma/biological cells (BC), etc. is equivalent to dislocation-like shear of solids. The turbulent flow is the next stage of deformation/ multiplication of dislocation-like defects and their ordering in sub-grains and grain-boundaries, then grains slip-rotation in the direction approximately perpendicular to the shear flow. It is shown that phase transitions are governed by unified deformation hardening/softening under hydrostatic pressure, particle irradiation and impurity (isotope) chemical pressure, hard confining conditions and cooling, etc. thus changing electric, magnetic, ferroelectric, thermal, optical properties.1-2 Dislocation-like work hardening, DWH, is determined by non-monotonous properties of dislocation double edge-cross-jog slip, and ultrastrong DWH gives the lowest drag for any dislocation-like plasticity at phase transitions. This provides the same micromechanisms of the ultimate stage of conventional deformation (superfluidity) of ordinary liquids, i.e., water, kerosene and glycerin, liquid and solid He, quasi-particle condensates. The key role of DWH is confirmed for superconductivity, integer and fractional quantum Hall effects and the enhancement of ultimate strain and diffusion under deformation down to nanostructures, etc. Phase transformations in biological cells (explosive events of diversity and population of species and diseases - for example, locust and plaque bacteria, evolution, aging and cancer,2 bursts in the development of human intellectual possibilities (languages, culture, arts and sciences, history, etc.) depend on the same deformation effects in biological evolution.
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