Ionospheric reflection processes for long radio waves--II

Physics

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Scientific paper

In a previous paper (Westcott, 1962), the reflection process of very long waves within an ionospheric medium was considered. The Darwin-Hartree microscopic theory of re-radiation was used to derive formulae for 1. (i) the contribution by an elementary layer of a horizontally stratified ionosphere to the reflected field below the medium and 2. (ii) the integrated contribution to the reflected field due to a finite layer. These formulae were developed for a vertically incident wave and applied to an exponential isotropic ionosphere. In this paper the formulae are extended to determine the effect of oblique incidence on the reflection process and the results obtained are complementary to those obtained in the previous paper. For vertically polarized waves it is shown that the pole occurring at the level of zero refractive index in the full wave equations can seriously affect the reflection process at very low frequencies. As the wave frequency increases through the band 8-128 kc/s, with incidence at 60° it is shown that even when small collision frequencies are assumed the effect of the pole diminishes. The results then become very similar to those obtained for horizontally polarized waves where the main reflections occur from the level at which the Booker function q is zero.

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