Ionospheric Input to the Plasmasheet During Storm-time and Non-Storm Substorms

Physics

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2736 Magnetosphere/Ionosphere Interactions (2431), 2744 Magnetotail, 2764 Plasma Sheet, 2788 Magnetic Storms And Substorms (7954), 2790 Substorms

Scientific paper

We have used the CLUSTER ion composition data from the CIS instrument, to determine when ionospheric ions are a major contributor to the plasma sheet, and whether the source of these ions is direct input from the auroral regions. Our study uses ion composition data in the plasma sheet during substorms from four CLUSTER tail-seasons, 2001 - 2004. These apogee data are concentrated at about 19 Re. The data are divided into storm-time and non-storm-time substorms. By using four years of data, we are able to look at the local time dependence of the occurrence of O+ in the plasmasheet as a function of substorm phase. As expected we find significantly higher concentrations of O+ during storm-time substorms than during non-storm substorms. The highest fluxes of O+ occur prior to substorm onset, although the highest O+/H+ ratio is just after onset. The angular distributions and the energy dispersion of the O+ during storm-times are often consistent with an auroral source. The tail reconfiguration occurs almost simultaneously across the whole tail during the storm-time substorms. During the non-storm events, it starts closest to midnight, and then expands in local time. The O+ during storm-time substorms is observed across the whole tail, without a strong local time dependence, while during non-storm-time substorms, the O+ tends to peak close to midnight. Thus, the highest fluxes of O+ are observed in the MLT region where the tail reconfiguration at substorm onset begins, but whether there is a causal relationship is unclear.

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