Integrated CO2, Humidity and Thermal Control by Membrane Gas Absorption, Results of Breadboard Testing

Details Integrated CO2, Humidity and Thermal Control by Membrane Gas Absorption, Results of Breadboard Testing Integrated CO2, Humidity and Thermal Control by Membrane Gas Absorption, Results of Breadboard Testing

Jan 2002

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002iaf..confe.903v&link_type=abstract

IAF abstracts, 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, The Second World Space Congress, held 10-19 October, 2002 in Houston, TX, USA.,

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Membrane gas absorption for the removal of CO2 in manned spacecrafts is subject of study by Stork and TNO for many years. The system is based on the combination of membrane separation and gas absorption. The air is fed along one side of a hydrophobic membrane and diffuses through the membrane after which the CO2 is selectively absorbed by an absorption liquid. Great advantage is that the system not only can be used to remove the carbon dioxide but also can be applied to control the relative humidity and temperature of the cabin atmosphere. Absorption of moisture and heat is achieved by cooling the absorption liquid below the dewpoint temperature of the gas stream. In the studies, the Crew Transfer Vehicle is used as a basis. Compared to the planned h/w for this vehicle, an air conditioning system, consisting of a condensing heat exchanger, LiOH cartridges to remove the carbon dioxide and a water evaporator assembly, the MGA/MGD has a large volume and a small mass advantage. The absorption liquid circulates through the spacecraft thermal control loop, replacing the coolant water. This set-up has two advantages. At first, by increasing the absorption liquid temperature the CO2 desorption rate in the desorber is favoured and secondly, should additional heat rejection aside from the basic heat rejection system be required (off nominal case), this can be established by dumping extra water via the desorption module, using the associated heat of vaporisation. Control of the water desorption rate is achieved by adjusting the permeate pressure with the throttle valve. In the nominal case the water absorption rate is equal to the desorption rate. The CO2 absorption capacity of the absorption liquid is restored in a desorption unit. This process is based on pervaporation. On one side of the membrane the absorption liquid is fed, on the other side a reduced pressure is maintained. Due to this pressure difference a driving force for water vapour and CO2 is created. The water evaporation and the CO2 desorption rate can be controlled by a throttle valve in the venting duct to the vacuum side. In the presentation, the results of tests with a breadboard model will be presented.

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