Infrared temperatures and thermal properties of the Martian surface determined from 'Mars-3' measurements

Physics

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Brightness Temperature, Infrared Radiometers, Mars Surface, Planetary Radiation, Surface Temperature, Diurnal Variations, Dust Storms, Mars 3 Spacecraft, Planetary Temperature, Soils, Temperature Distribution

Scientific paper

Measurements were made of the radiation flux from Mars between 8 and 40 micrometers by means of an IR radiometer on Mars 3. The instrument is briefly described together with the measurement and data reduction methods, and results are presented which were obtained during six passages through the pericenter of the satellite's orbit. The surface brightness temperatures were found to fluctuate between 160 and 280 K, depending on latitude, time of day, and the local properties of the surface and atmosphere. Discounting clouds, the results may be interpreted in the framework of a homogeneous model of a soil with an integral albedo ranging from 0.15 to 0.25 and a heat-wave penetration depth of 4 to 7 cm. The thermal inertia of the soil is calculated, and it is shown that the surface most probably consists of crushed soil with average particle sizes of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. Dark clouds are found to be systematically warmer than bright ones, and both dust and vapor clouds reduce the surface temperature. The 'antigreenhouse effect', which occurs during dust storms, is maintained right up to the final storm phase (in December).

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