Impact cratering calculations. Part 1: Early time results

Physics

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Finite Difference Theory, Hypervelocity Impact, Mathematical Models, Projectile Cratering, Energy Transfer, Flow Distribution, Hypervelocity Projectiles, Lunar Evolution, Momentum Transfer, Shear Strength, Velocity Distribution, Yield Strength

Scientific paper

Early time two dimensional finite difference calculations of laboratory scale hypervelocity impact of 0.3 g spherical 2024 aluminum projectiles into homogeneous plasticene clay targets were performed. Analysis of resulting material motions showed that energy and momentum were coupled quickly from the aluminum projectile to the target material. In the process of coupling, some of the plasticene clay target was vaporized while the projectile become severely deformed. The velocity flow field developed within the target was shown to have features similar to those found in calculations of near surface explosion cratering. Specific application of Maxwell's analytic Z-Model showed that this model can be used to describe the early time flow fields resulting from the impact cratering calculations as well, provided the flow field centers are located beneath the target surface and most of the projectile momentum is dissipated before the model is applied.

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