Physics
Scientific paper
Mar 1976
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1976dudl.rept.....p&link_type=abstract
Interim Report Dudley Observatory, Albany, NY.
Physics
Comets, Ice Formation, Interplanetary Space, Clathrates, Crystallization, Drop Size, Ice Nuclei, Optical Properties, Photographs, Space Environment Simulation, Sublimation, Thermodynamics
Scientific paper
The thermodynamics of water ice formation was experimentally investigated under a wide variety of conditions, including those of outer space. This information, and in particular, the lifetime of ice particles as a function of solar distance is an absolute requirement for proper interpretation of photometric profiles of comets. The sublimation of ice particles in a nonequilibrium situation was studied. An oscillating fiber microbalance was used to measure the sublimation rate of water droplets (which were suspended on a long quartz fiber which was oscillating in a vacuum chamber). The influence of particle size, surface temperature, and the index refraction from simulated solar radiation were studied in relation to ice formation. Also examined was the influence of impurities (clathrates) on ice formation. Windows in the vacuum chamber allowed the ice particles to be exposed to a 1 kilowatt xenon arc lamp which was used to simulate solar radiation. Ice is proposed as a possible energy source for comets, as amorphous water ice and ammonia in low temperature and pressure environments demonstrated a clear energy release upon warming. Motion pictures of ice formation were taken and photographs are shown.
Patashnick Harvey
Rupprecht Gero
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