Heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays: Monthly reconstruction for 1951-2004

Physics

Scientific paper

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Interplanetary Physics: Cosmic Rays, Interplanetary Physics: Solar Cycle Variations (7536), Interplanetary Physics: Interplanetary Magnetic Fields, Space Weather: Space Radiation Environment, Global Change: Solar Variability (7537)

Scientific paper

The differential energy spectrum of galactic cosmic rays in the vicinity of the Earth can be parameterized by the so-called force field model which has only one parameter, the modulation potential $\phi$, for a given local interstellar spectrum. Here we present the series of monthly values of the modulation potential $\phi$ since February 1951, reconstructed using the data from the worldwide neutron monitor network and calibrated with precise balloon and space-borne direct measurements of cosmic ray energy spectrum. This work provides a long series of a parameter allowing for a quantitative estimate of the average monthly differential energy spectrum of cosmic rays near the Earth. A comparison with other occasional direct measurements of cosmic ray spectra confirms the reliability of the present reconstruction. The results can be applied in studies of long-term solar-terrestrial relations and the global evolution of the heliosphere.

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