Gravitational instability of scalar fields and formation of primordial black holes

Statistics – Computation

Scientific paper

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Black Holes (Astronomy), Computational Astrophysics, Gravitation Theory, Scalars, Universe, Dynamic Stability, Flow Stability, Hydrodynamics, Jeans Theory, Symmetry, Unified Field Theory

Scientific paper

The gravitational instability of a spatially uniform state of a relativistic scalar field on a time-independent background is considered. The instability is demonstrated to be similar to the well-known Jeans instability of dust-like nonrelativistic matter. The consideration is generalized to incorporate 'hydrodynamics', i.e., self-interaction of the field. It is demonstrated that 'hydrodynamic' effects may drastically alter the character of the instability; in particular, the dependence of the instability growth rate on perturbation wavenumber may become nonmonotone. The nonlinear stage of instability development is analyzed half-quantitatively. It is demonstrated that, the 'hydrodynamics' being stabilizing, the instability growth may result in establishing stable spatially periodic structures in the one-dimensional situation. The results obtained are applied to estimating the probability of primordial black hole formation from perturbations growing due to gravitational instability in a universe dominated by a scalar axion field.

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