Granular flows through vertical pipes controlled by an electric field

Details Granular flows through vertical pipes controlled by an electric field Granular flows through vertical pipes controlled by an electric field

Dec 2001

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2001phrve..64f1305c&link_type=abstract

Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), Volume 64, Issue 6, December 2001, p.061305

Physics

6

Granular Flow: Mixing, Segregation And Stratification, Porous Materials, Granular Materials, Magnetic And Electric Fields, Polarization Of Starlight

Scientific paper

The flow of granular nickel particles moving down vertical pipes from a hopper in the presence of a local, horizontal ac electric field is studied experimentally. The flow is initiated by opening the bottom outlet of the pipe after the pipe is fully filled with particles from the hopper. The mass of particles flowing out of the pipe is measured as a function of time by an electronic balance. The time dependence of the steady-state flow rate Q, under each fixed voltage V, is obtained. Depending on the magnitude of V, two types of flow behaviors are observed. For low V (=Vc), no interface exists and the whole region between the hopper and the electrodes are densely filled; only one constant flow rate QA2 is observed. (The precise meaning of QA2 and QB are defined in the text.) The steady-state flow rates QA2 and QB measured for each V, are plotted as a function of V. The flow rate QA2 is a monotonically decreasing function of V, which can be approximately fitted by a power law, with an exponent of -0.8, while QB is found to be voltage independent. These features result from a competition between the blocking effect of the electric-field region and the gravity-driven pushing effect from the hopper outlet. The local electric field is able to retard the downward movement of a dense column existing above it, but is ineffective in doing so when the column above is dilute in density.

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