GINGA observations of GX 3+1: Long-term variabilities, branches, and X-ray bursts

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Astronomical Satellites, Bursts, Satellite Observation, X Ray Binaries, X Ray Sources, Light Curve, Stellar Mass Accretion

Scientific paper

The bright Galactic bulge source GX 3+1 (4U 1744-26) was observed with the Ginga satellite on several occasions from 1987 through 1990. The source has been found to show flux variations of a factor of 2 on the time scales of years. The hardness ratio, which is a measure of the spectral shape, stayed almost constant during the variations. Two type-I X-ray bursts were detected near to the lower end of the flux variations. When the variabilities were investigated on a shorter time scale of days, upper and lower banana branches were found to clearly appear in the hardness-intensity diagram. The branches become smeared out if data are accumulated for much longer than a few days in the hardness-intensity diagram. As indicated by the presence of a banana branch, the short-term variations are correlated variations between the intensity and the hardness and, hence, their nature is very different from that of the long-term variations. This means that the long- and short-term variations have different origins. If the burst detection with Hakucho and Ginga in a low state reflects a real change in the mass accretion rate, the long-term variations may be determined by changes in the mass accretion rate. This would lead to the conclusion that the change in the mass accretion rate may not be responsible for the formation of the banana branches. We also discuss another possible interpretation that the mass accretion rate determines the branches, not the long-term variations.

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