Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
2005-11-19
Phys.Rev.A74:030304,2006
Physics
Quantum Physics
4 pages. Following referee reports in April 2006, stylistic changes made throughout and a specific application added at the en
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevA.74.030304
Geometric phases are important in quantum physics and now central to fault tolerant quantum computation. For spin-1/2 and SU(2), the Bloch sphere $S^2$, together with a U(1) phase, provides a complete SU(2) description. We generalize to $N$-level systems and SU($N$) in terms of a $2(N-1)$-dimensional base space and reduction to a ($N$-1)-level problem, paralleling closely the two-dimensional case. This iteratively solves the time evolution of an $N$-level system and gives ($N$-1) geometric phases explicitly. A complete analytical construction of a S^4 Bloch-like sphere for two qubits is given for the Spin(5) or SO(5) subgroup of SU(4).
Rau A. R. P.
Uskov Dmitry B.
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