Galaxy surface brightness and size evolution to Z of about 4

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Galactic Evolution, Red Shift, Elliptical Galaxies, Luminous Intensity, Hubble Space Telescope, Morphology, Color

Scientific paper

Using HST WFPC2 data, we estimate half-light radii, morphological classifications and rest-frame, blue-band absolute magnitudes for 270 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts from z~0 to z=3.43, and 77 thought from their colors to be at redshifts of 2.0-4.5. The mean blue-band surface brightness decreases by about 2 mag along the Hubble sequence from ellipticals to irregulars, but peculiar galaxies (forming about 21 percent of the sample) tend to have blue colors but a high surface brightness. The mean rest-frame, blue-band surface brightness increases by 0.95 +/- 0.22 mag between z(mean) of 0.2 and 0.9 redshift intervals, with similar evolution for all the morphological types. We estimate that galaxies at redshifts of 2-3.5 show 2.79 +/- 0.31 mag of surface brightness evolution relative to those at z below 0.35, which is significantly greater than the luminosity evolution over this redshift range. This can be explained by a size and luminosity evolution model, in which the outer regions of spiral galaxies form later and with a longer time-scale than the centers, causing the half-light radius to increase with time.

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