Physics – Optics
Scientific paper
2010-12-07
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 369, 3525-3550 (2011)
Physics
Optics
Accepted for publication in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
Scientific paper
10.1098/rsta.2011.0140
Photonic metamaterials allow for a range of exciting applications unattainable with ordinary dielectrics. However, the metallic nature of their meta-atoms may result in increased optical losses. Gain-enhanced metamaterials are a potential solution to this problem, but the conception of realistic, three-dimensional designs is a challenging task. Starting from fundamental electrodynamic and quantum-mechanical equations we establish and deploy a rigorous theoretical model for the spatial and temporal interaction of lightwaves with free and bound electrons inside and around metallic (nano-) structures and gain media. The derived numerical framework allows us to self-consistently study the dynamics and impact of the coherent plasmon-gain interaction, nonlinear saturation, field enhancement, radiative damping and spatial dispersion. Using numerical pump-probe experiments on a double-fishnet metamaterial structure with dye molecule inclusions we investigate the build-up of the inversion profile and the formation of the plasmonic modes in the low-Q cavity. We find that full loss compensation occurs in a regime where the real part of the effective refractive index of the metamaterial becomes more negative compared to the passive case. Our results provide a deep insight into how internal processes affect the over-all optical properties of active photonic metamaterials fostering new approaches to the design of practical loss-compensated plasmonic nanostructures.
Hamm Joachim M.
Hess Ortwin
Pusch Andreas
Tsakmakidis Kosmas L.
Wuestner Sebastian
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