From the Grating Scale Monitor to the Generalized Seeing Monitor

Physics – Optics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

An instrument named the grating scale monitor for measuring the outer scale 0 from the angle-of-arrival (AA) fluctuations of a perturbed wave front was developed a few years ago at Nice University. The AA is detected with a 5-ms time resolution by modulation of the stellar image in a small telescope with a grating. One uses the normalized covariance of AA fluctuations to estimate 0 . A new version of this instrument, the generalized seeing monitor (GSM) is described. It consists of four identical modules for measuring the AA at four locations on the wave front. A spatiotemporal analysis of these data leads to the determination of seeing 0 , outer scale 0 , and the wave-front speed. In addition, isoplanatic angle 0 is determined from scintillation, making the characterization of turbulence with the GSM almost complete. We describe the instrument and make a detailed analysis of its performance and accuracy. Several site-testing campaigns have been conducted with the GSM: at La Silla (Chile), Ouka meden (Morocco), Maidanak (Uzbekistan), and Cerro Pachon and Cerro Paranal (Chile). The main results of these campaigns are presented and discussed.

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