Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 2009
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2009agufm.p23e..02q&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2009, abstract #P23E-02
Physics
[6020] Planetary Sciences: Comets And Small Bodies / Ices, [6040] Planetary Sciences: Comets And Small Bodies / Origin And Evolution, [6045] Planetary Sciences: Comets And Small Bodies / Physics And Chemistry Of Materials
Scientific paper
Comets and TransNeptunian Objects are pristine small bodies composed of refractory (minerals, carbonaceous matter) and volatile species (ices). They had been presumed for long as the result of the condensation of interstellar dusts, but along the last ten years, this view has been deeply revised. The mineralogical composition of several comets was found to be dominated by crystalline silicates, evidencing efficient radial mixing in the solar nebula, as well as nebular heating which annealed presolar amorphous silicates and/or silicates condensation from the gas. The origin of the refractory carbon material (Insoluble Organic Matter), in chondrites, Antarctic micrometeorites and stratospheric IDPs, has also been questionned recently. The origin of the volatile species is still a debated topic. At present, no observational evidence discards a connection with the presolar medium, but large uncertainties remain on the nature of ices in comet nucleus, or on the isotopic evolution (D/H) of volatiles in the young proto-sun environment and later in the protoplanetary disk. Experimental studies play a key role in the exploration of these issues. They allow to determine the optical properties of ices required to analyse astronomical observations, they provide thermodynamic and kinetic data to model volatiles sublimation, when a comet approaches the sun. They laso bring valuable insights on solid state chemical processes which act at the surface or in the bulk of interstellar dusts, and likely in comet nucleus. In this presentation, we will report on some of these experimental issues, along with an inventory of important pending questions regarding the nature and the origin of cometary ices.
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