Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 1981
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1981rasc...16.1463c&link_type=abstract
Radio Science, vol. 16, Nov.-Dec. 1981, p. 1463-1472. NASA-supported research.
Physics
Atmospheric Refraction, Fresnel Region, Jupiter Atmosphere, Radio Occultation, Venus Atmosphere, Huygens Principle, Refractivity, Rotating Spheres, Superhigh Frequencies, Toruses, Ultrahigh Frequencies, Wave Fronts, Wave Propagation
Scientific paper
The structures of the Fresnel zones of an occulting body with a substantial atmosphere are analyzed. The first Fresnel zone is defined as the set of all contiguous points connected to the transmitter and receiver via paths with a combined length within one half wavelength of the stationary value, and calculated by the application of the Huygens-Fresnel principle to a wave front frozen in time as it traverses the region of interest, taking into account wave front curvature of waves undergoing refraction. Calculations of the Fresnel zones of a planet determined by the meeting of wave fronts represented as tori reveal that the zone along the propagation path traversing the nearest portion of the limb to the transmitter has a shape similar to an ellipse, while that of the far zone resembles the letter X. The phase delay along the farside path is found to be a stationary point rather than a minimum, since delay is distributed in the form of a hyperbolic paraboloid near the ray and in the form of a torus intersection for greater separations. Examples are presented for S band propagation deep in the atmospheres of Venus and Jupiter.
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