Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 2006
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2006agufm.p31b0133m&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract #P31B-0133
Physics
5419 Hydrology And Fluvial Processes, 5464 Remote Sensing, 5470 Surface Materials And Properties, 5494 Instruments And Techniques
Scientific paper
Knowledge of subsurface characteristics such as composition, structure, stratigraphy, and possible water distribution could provide a breakthrough in planetary science investigations and in particular for Mars. These are critical information needs to aid the study of the origins of the solar system and the potential for habitability. Observations based on radar images of the Martian surfaces have already suggested the presence of water in the shallow subsurface. The planetary subsurface in general can be described as several near- parallel layers with rough interfaces. Each rough layer can have a homogeneous or arbitrary profile of compositional variations, and can possibly have embedded random objects such as rocks or ice particles. As the number and depth of layers increase, the number of measurements needed to invert for the layer unknowns also increases, and deeper penetration capability would be required. To nondestructively calculate the characteristics of such a structure, a multifrequency polarimetric radar backscattering approach can be used, where subsurface probing capability is achieved through the use of low frequency radar measurements. Such systems are at preliminary research stages, and therefore to refine their operating parameters and measurements scenarios, it is essential to develop relevant theoretical scattering models that are general enough to be able to represent a wide range of subsurface structures. These forward models need to be efficient and accurate, in order that they enable reliable inversion algorithms for the subsurface parameters. We have developed a number of analytical and numerical models for radar scattering from general N-layer rough layers, including an incoherent small-perturbation model and a full-wave coherent model for the general roughness case. The latter has provisions for including dielectric profiles and both classes of models can incorporate discrete random scatterers. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses are carried out to identify the range and type of parameters which result in highest sensitivities for various radar measurements. We have also developed two inverse scattering models to estimate the various unknowns of subsurface characteristics of a two-layer rough geometry. This paper will describe the forward scattering models, results of the sensitivity analyses, and the inverse scattering models, all of which are directly applicable to the remote sensing investigations of the Mars subsurface. The range of the validity of these models, the range of required frequencies, and the required polarization diversity are discussed for designing possible future mission scenarios.
Kuo Chaincy
Moghaddam Mahta
Tabatabaeenejad A.
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