Formation, Characteristics, and Diagnostic Usage of Energetic Ions in the Near and Mid Tail

Physics

Scientific paper

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2716 Energetic Particles, Precipitating, 2736 Magnetosphere/Ionosphere Interactions, 2744 Magnetotail, 2748 Magnetotail Boundary Layers, 2788 Storms And Substorms

Scientific paper

The interaction of the solar wind with the Earth's magnetosphere results in global changes of the magnetic field topology and alters many plasma properties, with pronounced effects on both thermal and energetic particle populations. In our work, we investigate the energetics and dynamics of the magnetotail during active times. We have studied the ion-kinetic physics surrounding substorm onset and the development of near-Earth reconnection using large-scale, three-dimensional hybrid simulations (kinetic ions, electron fluid), in conjunction with models that describe the interaction with the ionosphere. Here, we concentrate on characterizing the origin, location, and timing of energetic ion fluxes. These particles are self-consistently energized in the simulations, reaching fluxes that significantly affect the energy and momentum balance of the system. When the ions reach geostationary orbit or low altitudes, their localization and timing serve as an excellent means of mapping and linking the respective magnetospheric and ionospheric regions and processes. We show how this linkage is in many ways more directly tied to relevant tail processes than that provided by alternative ionospheric signatures. Observationally, the presence of energetic ions is detectable not only in situ, but also remotely from the ground and by spacecraft (such as the IMAGE satellite) via characteristic emissions. We discuss our results in the framework of such observations.

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