Feasibility of cosmic-ray muon intensity measurements for tunnel detection

Physics – Geophysics

Scientific paper

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Cosmic Rays, Muons, Radiant Flux Density, Radiation Detectors, Signal Detection, Structural Properties (Geology), Underground Structures, Depth, Feasibility, Geophysics, Mathematical Models, Minerals, Rocks, Tomography

Scientific paper

Subsurface cosmic-ray muon intensity depends on the amount of material above the point of reference and is therefore influenced by anomalies in rock density. Because such anomalies might be caused by geological structures (e.g. ore bodies), cosmic-ray intensity measurements have been used for geophysical exploration. Recently, cosmic-ray muon intensity measurements have been also proposed as a method to detect tunnels. The feasibility of this application depends on the type of radiation detection apparatus (it must fit into a bore hole) and on the magnitude of the signal by a tunnel. If the signal is too weak, then the required observation times are estimated for a projected bore-hole radiation detector and for tunnels with a 2 m diameter. The estimates show that a reasonable upper bound for the detector depth is about 30 to 40 m if the observations are to be used in a tomographic reconstruction of the density field. The required observation times at that depth are of the order of days. The upper bound for the depth of detectable tunnels is less than the quoted bound for the detector depth. It might be possible to use the method at greater depths if special data interpretation techniques are developed that take into account prior knowledge about the tunnel, e.g. its anticipated direction.

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