Facular excess radiation and the energy balance of solar active regions

Physics

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Balance, Faculae, Radiance, Solar Activity Effects, Spectral Energy Distribution, Sunspots, Variability, Calcium, K Lines, Spectroheliographs

Scientific paper

Plage areas and intensities derived from CA II K spectroheliograms are used as a proxy for the facular irradiance excess of solar regions for the period 19 August to 4 September 1980. Using a calibration method proposed by Vrsnak et al. (1991), the `photospheric facular index' (PFI) with constant facular contrast Cp = 0.018 is replaced by a variable Cp, depending on the plage areas varying from a few to approx. 6 x 103 millionths hemispheres. Combining the facular irradiances with sunspot deficits (as determined for the same period by Steinegger et al. 1990) yields good agreement with the irradiance variations measured by Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor 1 (ACRIM 1), using a center-to-limb variation of Cp according to Chapman and Meyer (1986). The ratio of facular excess to sunspot deficit (integrated over solid angle 2 pi) decreases from values of 1.5 to 2 for regions with sunspot areas below 100 millionths hemispheres to approximately equal to 0.2 for sunspots of areas greater than 1000 millionths hemispheres.

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