Exploring the trade-off between fidelity- and time-optimal control of quantum unitary transformations

Physics – Quantum Physics

Scientific paper

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23 pages, 9 figures

Scientific paper

Generating a unitary transformation in the shortest possible time is of practical importance to quantum information processing, since it helps to reduce decoherence effects and improve robustness to control field noise. Many analytical and numerical studies have identified the minimal time necessary to implement a variety of quantum gates on coupled-spin qubit systems. This work focuses on exploring the Pareto front that quantifies the trade-off between the competitive objectives of maximizing the gate fidelity $\mathcal{F}$ and minimizing the control time $T$. In order to determine the Pareto front and, in particular, identify the critical time $T^*$, below which the target transformation is not reachable, we introduce a numerical method of Pareto Front Tracking (PFT). Our analysis demonstrates that the optimization effort rises superexponentially when approaching the critical time, $T \to T^*$, and that operation below $T^*$ generates Pareto fronts with extremely steep slopes, indicating an enormous penalty in fidelity when operating at $T < T^*$. We also investigate the dependence of the critical time $T^*$ on the coupling strength between qubits and the target gate transformation. Practical consequences of these findings for laboratory implementation of quantum gates are discussed.

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