Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 2001
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2001agufmsm32a0813s&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2001, abstract #SM32A-0813
Physics
0694 Instrumentation And Techniques, 2455 Particle Precipitation, 7223 Seismic Hazard Assessment And Prediction, 7867 Wave/Particle Interactions, 7894 Instruments And Techniques
Scientific paper
The ESPERIA experiment has been selected by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) after an Announcement of Opportunity (AO)dedicated to Earth observations. The related phase A study report was completed and presented to ASI last July 2001. The launch of a low-orbit small satellite is scheduled for the year 2006. The aim of this experiment is to study the lithosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling. The primary objective is constituted by the investigation of Electromagnetic Emissions (EME) generated in seismic areas during the earthquake preparation and their interaction with electrons and protons trapped in the inner Van Allen radiation belt. The secondary objective of the experiment deal with ionospheric perturbations caused by anthropogenic activities (Power Line Harmonic Radiation (PLHR), VLF transmitters, HF broadcasting stations). Concerning the primary goal, recent observations and data analyses support the hypothesis of a possible precipitation of trapped particles caused by preseismic EME mainly in the ULF frequency band. The explanation of this phenomenon deals with the ground-based experiments which revealed the generation of EME in an earthquake preparation zone several hours before the main shock. These waves may propagate upwards into the ionosphere and at a certain altitude can be captured by the geomagnetic field and then propagate as Alfven waves along the geomagnetic field lines. Reaching the radiation belt boundary, the Alfven wave begins to interact with trapped particles, causing particle precipitations as a result of pitch-angle redstribution. These precipitated particles drift around the Earth along the L-shell which corresponds to the earthquake epicenter location. The process creates the wave of precipitated particles, and the wave may make one or more revolutions around the Earth. The instrumentation on board a satellite observes these waves as particle bursts, when satellite crosses the disturbed L-shell. Due to the drift around the Earth, the particle bursts of seismic origin may be observed not only over the epicenter but also at any longitude, where satellite crosses the disturbed L-shell. The ESPERIA scientific payload is constituted by two systems of antennas to detect the electric and magnetic fields in a wide frequency band (ULF-HF), a Langmuir probe and a retarding potential analyzer to measure the temperature and density of the ionospheric plasma, a particle detector system able to detect energy and pitch angle of electrons and protons from a few houndred of keV to some GeV. Satellite observations will be accompanied by ground-based measurements in five seismic test areas in which deformation processes, EME, and gas exhalation associated with the earthquake preparation will be measured continuously. Preliminary correlations between particle bursts and seismic activity will be discussed, and the payload instruments, mission and spacecraft will be described.
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