Physics
Scientific paper
Feb 1975
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1975stin...7618023d&link_type=abstract
Unknown
Physics
Planetary Surfaces, Space Probes, Descent Trajectories, Error Analysis, Impact, Lunar Surface, Mercury (Planet), Orbital Launching, Penetration, Space Exploration, Trajectory Control
Scientific paper
Penetrators are missile shaped objects designed to implant electronic instrumentation in various of surface materials with a nominal impact speed around 150 m/sec. An interest in the application of this concept to in situ subsurface studies of extra terrestrial bodies and planetary satellites exists. Since many of these objects do not have atmospheres, the feasibility of successfully guiding penetrators to the required near-zero angle-of-attack impact conditions in the absence of an atmosphere was analyzed. Two potential targets were included, i.e., the moon and Mercury and several different penetrator deployment modes were involved. Impact errors arising from open-loop and closed-loop deployment control systems were given particular attention. Successful penetrator implacement requires: (1) that the impact speed be controlled, nominally to 150 m/sec, (2) that the angle of attack be in range 0 deg - 11 deg at impact, and (3) that the impact flight path angle be with 15 deg of vertical.
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