Equatorial ionospheric plasma density bubbles observed by ESRO-4

Physics

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Equatorial Atmosphere, Esro 4 Satellite, Ionospheric Ion Density, Plasma Density, Rarefied Plasmas, Bubbles, F Region, Ion Currents, Polar Orbits, Satellite-Borne Instruments, Statistical Analysis, Three Dimensional Flow

Scientific paper

It is shown that the ESRO 4 satellite, in a polar orbit, was able to observe equatorial plasma bubbles by using a fixed-bias total ion current probe. Experimental conditions were suitable for observations during a period at the vernal equinox of 1973, when 21 plasma-density depletion events were identified, extending across the equator. Statistical analysis suggests that the bubble cross sections, transformed onto the zero-dip surface, were elongated, with an axial ratio of the order of 7:1, and were tilted upwards by about 10 deg to the east. The observations were made selectively near the F-layer peak; no movement of bubbles was measured.

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