Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Theory
Scientific paper
2007-03-18
Mod.Phys.Lett.A23:33-36,2008
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Theory
5 pages latex
Scientific paper
10.1142/S0217732308026170
Following up a recent proposal \cite{BF} for a cyclic model based on phantom dark energy, we examine the content of the contracting universe (cu) and its entropy $S_{cu}$. We find that beyond dark energy the universe contains on average zero or at most a single photon which if present immediately after turnaround has infinitesimally energy which subsequently blue shifts to produce $e^+e^-$ pairs. These statements are independent of the equation of state $\omega = p/\rho$ of dark energy provided $\omega < -1$. Thus $S_{cu} = 0$ and if observations confirm $\omega < -1$ the entropy problem is solved. We discuss the absence of a theoretical lower bound on $\phi = |\omega + 1|$, then describe an anthropic fine tuning argument that renders unlikely extremely small $\phi$. The present bound $\phi \lesssim 0.1$ already implies a time until turnaround of $(t_T - t_0) \gtrsim 100$ Gy.
Baum Lauris
Frampton Paul H.
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