Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Theory
Scientific paper
2005-05-27
Phys. Rev. D 73, 065008 (2006)
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Theory
13 pages, 10 figures, final version to appear in Physical Review D. Small corrections
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevD.73.065008
We investigate the properties of $Q$-balls in $d$ spatial dimensions. First, a generalized virial relation for these objects is obtained. We then focus on potentials $V(\phi\phi^{\dagger})= \sum_{n=1}^{3} a_n(\phi\phi^{\dagger})^n$, where $a_n$ is a constant and $n$ is an integer, obtaining variational estimates for their energies for arbitrary charge $Q$. These analytical estimates are contrasted with numerical results and their accuracy evaluated. Based on the results, we offer a simple criterion to classify ``large'' and ``small'' $d$-dimensional $Q$-balls for this class of potentials. A minimum charge is then computed and its dependence on spatial dimensionality is shown to scale as $Q_{\rm min} \sim \exp(d)$. We also briefly investigate the existence of $Q$-clouds in $d$ dimensions.
Gleiser Marcelo
Thorarinson Joel
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