Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Theory
Scientific paper
2011-06-16
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Theory
17 pages, 4 figures
Scientific paper
We study spacetime thermodynamics for non-equilibrium processes. For this purpose, we generalize the formulation of spacetime thermodynamics constructed independently by Jacobson and Padmanabhan, in which the Einstein equation is derived as the equation of state. Based on the generalized formulation, we reach the same picture and results as the black hole membrane paradigm, in which, to an external observer, a black hole appears to behave exactly like a dynamical fluid membrane. Using this generalized formulation, we construct the first law of spacetime thermodynamics for non-equilibrium processes in f(R) gravity. We find that the coefficients of the expansion and shear terms are equal to the viscosities of the membrane paradigm, and that a new term appears, which can be interpreted as another heat term.
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