Effusion Rate Variability at Zamama, Culann, Tupan Patera and Prometheus on Io during the Galileo Era

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Zamama, Culann, and Tupan Patera are three large, persistent volcanic centers on the jovian moon Io. As part of an ongoing project to quantify contributions from individual volcanic centers to Io's thermal budget, we have quantified the radiant flux and effusion rates from all suitable observations made by the Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) of these volcanoes [1], in some cases filling omissions in previous analyses. Eruption rates at these three volcanoes are on the order of 30 m3 s-1, consistent with a previous analysis of NIMS observations of Prometheus [2], and nearly an order of magnitude greater than Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i, Earth's most active volcano. We propose that future missions to the jovian system could better constrain activity at these volcanoes and others where similar styles of activity are taking place by obtaining data on a time scale of, ideally, at least one observation per day.

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